Скачать или смотреть #44 | What is Synchronization and why is it needed? | Java Interview

In this video, we explain what synchronization is in Java and why it is needed — one of the most important Core Java & Multithreading interview questions. You’ll understand synchronization using real-life examples, common race condition scenarios, and how Java actually enforces thread safety.

👨‍💻 What you’ll learn:

What is Synchronization?

Synchronization in Java is a mechanism that ensures only one thread at a time can access a shared resource (critical section) so that data remains correct and consistent.

Simple analogy:
Think of multiple people editing the same Google Doc at the same time.
Synchronization is like saying:
👉 “Only one person can type in this section right now.”

Why Synchronization is Needed

• In multithreading, multiple threads run at the same time
• If they access shared data without control, results become unpredictable
• This leads to race conditions

Race Condition Example:
• Shared balance = 1000
• Thread A withdraws 200
• Thread B withdraws 500
• Both read the balance at the same time
• Final balance becomes 500 instead of 300
• This incorrect result happens due to overlapping execution

What Synchronization Solves

• Prevents race conditions
• Ensures data consistency
• Provides mutual exclusion
• Guarantees only one thread enters critical code at a time

What is a Critical Section?

• A piece of code that reads or writes shared data
• Must be protected when accessed by multiple threads
• Example: updating a shared balance variable

How Java Provides Synchronization

• Using the synchronized keyword
• Java uses an object’s monitor lock
• If one thread enters a synchronized method/block, other threads must wait

🎯 What interviewers expect:
• You understand race conditions
• You know what a critical section is
• You can explain mutual exclusion
• You know how synchronized works at a high level

🧠 How you should answer in interviews:
Synchronization controls access to shared resources in multithreading. It ensures that only one thread executes critical code at a time, preventing race conditions and maintaining data consistency.

This video is perfect for Core Java interviews, multithreading fundamentals, backend preparation, and JVM concepts.

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