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Electrochemistry – Overview (in English):

Definition:
Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the relationship between electrical energy and chemical reactions. It studies how electricity can cause chemical changes and how chemical reactions can produce electricity.

⚡ Key Concepts:

Redox Reactions:

Electrochemistry is based on oxidation and reduction reactions.

Oxidation: Loss of electrons

Reduction: Gain of electrons

Electrochemical Cell:

A device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa.

There are mainly two types:

Galvanic (Voltaic) Cell: Converts chemical energy → electrical energy.

Electrolytic Cell: Converts electrical energy → chemical energy.

Electrode:

A conductor through which electric current enters or leaves an electrolyte.

Anode: Where oxidation occurs.

Cathode: Where reduction occurs.

Electrolyte:

A substance that conducts electricity by the movement of ions when dissolved in water or melted.

Electrode Potential:

The tendency of an electrode to lose or gain electrons.

Standard Electrode Potential (E°):

Measured under standard conditions (1 M concentration, 1 atm pressure, 25°C).

Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is used as reference (E° = 0 V).

Nernst Equation:
Describes how the electrode potential changes with concentration and temperature.

E = E° - \frac{RT}{nF} \ln Q

: electrode potential

: standard electrode potential

: gas constant

: temperature (in K)

: number of electrons

: Faraday constant

: reaction quotient

Electrolysis:

The process of using electricity to bring about a chemical change.

Example: Electrolysis of water produces hydrogen and oxygen gases.

Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis:

1st Law: The amount of substance deposited or liberated at an electrode is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed.

2nd Law: When the same quantity of electricity is passed through different electrolytes, the masses of substances deposited are proportional to their equivalent weights.

🔋 Applications of Electrochemistry:

Electroplating and metal refining

Batteries and fuel cells

Electrolysis of compounds

Corrosion prevention

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