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The Domesday Book Explained: The Most Important Record in British History

The Domesday Book is one of the most extraordinary documents in British history. Commissioned by William the Conqueror in 1086, this medieval survey provided a detailed snapshot of Norman England—its land, wealth, and population. But why was it created, and why does it still matter today?

Following the Norman Invasion of 1066, William needed to consolidate his power and prepare for a potential Danish invasion. To do so, he ordered a massive survey of his new kingdom. The result? A comprehensive record of landowners, taxes, and resources, covering over 13,000 settlements across England and parts of Wales.

Often called the "Great Survey," the Domesday Book was both an economic tool and a symbol of Norman authority. It settled land disputes, reinforced feudal control, and left no room for appeal—hence its ominous name, referencing Judgment Day.

Today, the Domesday Book is a treasure trove for historians, offering unmatched insights into medieval England—its economy, agriculture, and society. From the Battle of Hastings to the shaping of Norman rule, this document remains a powerful testament to how William the Conqueror secured his throne.