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A step-by-step guide to effectively set up a GitHub Action for deploying static files to an Amazon S3 bucket, ensuring the right permissions and policies are in place for successful uploads.
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How to Configure a GitHub Action to Upload to an S3 Static Website

Setting up a GitHub Action to deploy static files to an Amazon S3 bucket can be a game changer for web development workflows. However, users often run into permission issues that can derail the deployment process. In this post, we'll walk through the necessary steps to ensure that your GitHub Action has the permissions it needs to upload files to an S3 bucket serving as a static website.

The Challenge

In our example, a user named github_runner was having trouble uploading static files (HTML, CSS) to an S3 bucket. The error message they encountered indicated that their actions were being denied due to insufficient access rights. The user had already set up IAM policies but was unsure if their configurations were correct.

Common Issues to Identify

When troubleshooting S3 upload permissions, it's essential to check the following:

IAM User Policies: Do they grant sufficient permissions for the required actions?

S3 Bucket Policies: Are there any conditions that might be denying access implicitly?

Error Messages: What specific access denied messages are being returned during the GitHub Action execution?

Solution Overview

We can achieve a successful upload by adjusting the IAM user permissions and the S3 bucket policies. Here is a breakdown of the steps required:

Step 1: Adjust the IAM Policy for github_runner

The IAM policy must allow the github_runner to perform actions in the required S3 bucket. Here is an example of a correct policy setup:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Step 2: Update the S3 Bucket Policy

The issue likely lies in the bucket policy, particularly the SourceIP section. You should modify the NotPrincipal attribute to specifically allow the github_runner user access:

[[See Video to Reveal this Text or Code Snippet]]

Step 3: Testing the Configuration

After updating the policies:

Trigger the GitHub Action which is configured to run commands like aws s3 mv ./index.html s3://myrealbucket-web/index.html.

Monitor the output for any errors. If set up correctly, you should see the files successfully moved to your S3 bucket.

Conclusion

By carefully adjusting both the IAM and S3 bucket policies, you can ensure that your GitHub Action will successfully upload files to a static S3 website without encountering permission errors. If you encounter further issues, consider revisiting your policy conditions or consulting the AWS documentation for additional guidance.

Remember, security is paramount, so make sure you only grant the necessary permissions and restrict access as appropriate.