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Newton's law of gravitation mathematically describes the gravitational force two masses exert on each other. The force is equal to the gravitational constant, multiplied by the two masses, divided by the distance between their centers squared. It is an inverse square law. For an object near Earth's surface, the equation simplifies to F = mg, where g = 9.81 m/s^2.

Sections:
00:00 - Intro
00:16 - The gravitational force (Fg)
01:27 - How mass affects Fg
01:56 - How distance affects Fg
02:39 - Newton's law of universal gravitation
04:09 - Gravitational constant (G)
05:52 - Inverse square law
07:43 - Force of gravity close to earth
10:38 - Acceleration due to gravity (g)
11:49 - How did we figure out the mass of Earth?

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