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1.4 Test Data
After solving a problem, we need to test whether the solution is correct or not, and for testing, we need "Test Data". For example, if we want to test the algorithm (discussed earlier) to find the largest among three given numbers n0, nl, and n2, then we need three values. These values can be positive, negative or zero, e.g., (n0 = 5, nl = 15, n2 = 3), (n0 — 27, nl = 6,n2 =
35), (n0 = 24, nl = 0,n2 = 11), etc. So, for thinking about testing, we also
need to think about test data.
1.4.1 Importance of Testing
Testing is essential to point out the defects and errors made during finding a solution to some problem. It helps in improving a solution. If one solves a problem and someone else uses that solution for commercial purposes, then the commercial activities depend upon the correctness of that solution. For example, if we develop a solution for finance management and some bankstarts using it then any error in that solution may result in a financial loss. So, testing is important for a solution.
A car is delivered to a customer after testing. Upon launching a new car, it is usually tested with a robot driver who hits the car with a wall. It is used to test whether the air bags and other security systems are functioning or not.
Moreover, it also allows the car designers to suggest further security measures to reduce the damage. This test can help to make a car safe. So, testing helps
to improve quality.
1.4.2 Types of Test Data
Creation of proper and sufficient test data is one of the key activities to
improve quality of a solution. Each type of solution requires different data.
Types of Test Data include:
• Valid test data: It is the test data that complies with the input
requirements of the algorithm. If an algorithm is supposed to take a
numeric value between 1 and 100 as input, then any value between 1
and 100 is a valid test data.
• Invalid test data: It is the data that does not comply with the input
requirements of the algorithm. It is necessary to make sure that the
solution correctly works for invalid values, shows the relevant
messages notifying the user that the provided input values are improper.
• Boundary test data values: A solution is tested on extreme values.
For example, to calculate interest we can consider principal amount as
0 or a very huge amount.
• Wrong data formats: It is wise to check how the system reacts on
entering data in an inappropriate format. For example, giving an
alphabet as input when a numeric value is expected.
• Absent data; It is also important to investigate that the solution still
works if less number of inputs are given than expected. For example, if
a system asks to enter driving license number, then every one cannot
provide this information. It is important to see how the system reacts
in such situations

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ComputerScience9thclass
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