Скачать или смотреть CBG Compressed Biogas

#franchise#biocng #CBG #fertilizer#biofertilizer#fertiliserfranchiseopportunity#franchisebusiness #organicfertiliser#bioenriched#biomanure#vermicompost#vermiwash#agriculture #organicfarming#biocng #business #opportunities #manufacturerofbiocngplant #biocng #CBG #fertilizer
Potential of Bio Compressed Natural Gas (Bio-CNG) The word that pops up in mind when we hear the words fossil fuels is ‘non-renewable’. Coal, crude oil and natural gas are all fossil fuels and are used to produce diesel, gasoline, and kerosene. Fossils fuels formed millions of years ago from the remains of organic matter from dead animals and plants. As fossil fuel resources are finite and are among the biggest contributors to climate change, it is critical that we meet our energy needs from renewable resources. India’s renewable energy resource potential is significant, with solar, wind, biomass, and small hydropower representing the technologies having the largest potential. Among all, biomass warrants special attention. All the living matter present on earth derived from growing plants including algae, trees, and crops or from animal manure is called biomass. In India traditionally biomass had been utilised either through direct combustion or anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion of biomass is the process in which organic matter, in the absence of oxygen, is mainly transformed into a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide which is usually referred to as biogas. The first experiment on biogas production was done in 1939 by S.V. Desai, the pioneer of anaerobic digestion in India. When this mixture is further processed, purified and compressed it is called Bio Compressed Natural Gas (Bio-CNG). It is similar to natural gas in terms of its composition and properties. Bio-Gas to Bio-CNG Biogas consists mainly of methane (CH4, 55-65%) and carbon dioxide (CO2, 35-45%) and the calorific value of biogas is ~19500 KJ/Kg. Methane is a valuable form of gas, as it is an efficient energy carrier with a wide range of uses. The amount of CO2 that is produced corresponds to the amount of CO2 captured when the biomass was created, making biogas carbon neutral. Aside from methane and CO2, biogas also contains trace components like water vapor, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), siloxanes, hydrocarbons, ammonia, oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. The proportion of these trace components depends on the source of the biomass. The presence of water vapor, H2S, and CO2 make biogas very corrosive and unsuitable to be used as fuel. If this biogas is used as fuel in automobiles it can cause erosion of the metal parts, which in turn increases the maintenance cost of the vehicles. In order to tackle this problem the solution that is available
is to upgrade biogas. Biogas upgrading or purification is the process by which contaminants in the raw biogas stream are absorbed or scrubbed, leaving more methane per unit volume of gas. This final product is called biomethane. The most widely used technologies for biogas upgrading are water scrubbing, Pressure Swing Adsorption, membrane, and chemical scrubbing. Of these technologies, water scrubbing and Pressure Swing Adsorption are considered to be most appropriate on a small scale due to low cost and easy maintenance. Biomethane can also be compressed and bottled into cylinders and it is called Bio-Compressed Natural Gas (Bio-CNG) or simply Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG). As production of Bio-CNG from biogas is a new technology there may be some challenges in adopting this technology: • The capital cost for installing a Bio-CNG is expensive. E.g. to produce 400 kg/day of Bio-CNG requires a capital investment of Rs. 1.65 crores while 5000 kg/day requires Rs.16 crores.3 4 • Preliminary processes like collection, transportation, and segregation may also limit the adaptation. • It can be installed only where waste generation is abundant. It is challenging to assure waste sources for the production of Bio-CNG and it will not be consistent. • The production process requires skilled technicians. • There are no specific standards existing in India for installation, operation, and maintenance of these plants. Status of Bio-CNG in India In India, Bio-CNG is estimated to replace two-thirds of India’s Natural gas imports, which is currently at 429 billion cubic feet.3 In July 2016, the Waste to Energy Division of MNRE launched a programme on energy from urban, industrial and agricultural wastes/residues which aims to promote setting up of projects for recovery of energy in the form of biogas/Bio-CNG/enriched biogas from urban, industrial, and agricultural wastes. Central Financial Assistance (CFA) of INR 4 crore per 4800 kg of Bio-CNG/day generated from 12,000 cubic metre Biogas /day has been announced, with a limitation of Maximum CFA as INR 10 crore/project).


www.kisanexperience.com
Contact : +91-8287933634