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Section 1 and Section 2 IPC
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The #Indian #Penal #Code 1860, an act that embodies the general penal #laws of the country. It is the sole authority on the general conditions of liability, definitions of specific offences in the #IPC, and the conditions mentioning the exemptions from a particular criminal liability.

Section 1 Indian Penal Code talks about the Title and extent of the operation of the Code-
#Section 1 IPC clearly states that this Act shall be called the Indian Penal Code and shall extend to the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir. #Sec1. Indian Penal Code clearly defines the title of the code and the extent of its operations. In addition to this, where the IPC is applicable in the whole of India, Ranbir Penal Code is applicable in the state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Whereas, on the same hand, Section 2 Indian Penal Code talks about the Punishment of offences committed within India.
Section 2 IPC clearly fixes criminal liability for offences committed within India. This section states that “Every person shall be liable to punishment under this code and not otherwise for every act or omission contrary to the provisions thereof, of which he shall be guilty within India.

Under the purview of this section, every person, including the Indian Citizen as well as the foreign national shall be held liable for committing an offence within the territory of India. It is clearly defined under the act that every time the physical presence of a person is not mandatory for committing an offence, mere intention also makes him accused of the commission of the offence.

Under the Indian Penal Code, one of the major essentials that are necessary for the commission of an offence is :

Mens Rea

Mens Rea or the guilty intention of the parties. For the commission of an offence, Mens rea plays a major role. It clarifies that the person already had the knowledge and committed such an act with the criminal intent.
To hold a person liable, it is necessary to check whether the person had the guilty intention to commit such an act or not.

To save an innocent person from the criminal liabilities, it becomes quite necessary that the intention of the person should be clearly proved in the court of law.


Sec 2, Indian Penal Code clearly states that no person shall be discriminated on the basis of his color, place of domicile, caste or any other ground and shall be liable for punishment for the offences committed within the territory of India.

In some ways, sec 1 IPC and sec 2 IPC are somehow interrelated to each other. While one talks about the title, jurisdiction, and operations, the other lays down the criminal liability depending upon the gravity of the offence.

Hence, the introductory sections of the Indian Penal Code somehow depict the enforceability, extent, punishment of offences and the scope of the Act.


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