Скачать или смотреть How to make Borewell Estimation Plan at Panchayat Level

Borewell Estimation Plan at the Panchayat Level involves assessing water needs, geological feasibility, costs, and sustainability. Below is a structured guide to help you design a comprehensive estimation plan:

1. Purpose of the Borewell Estimation Plan
Address water scarcity for drinking, agriculture, or domestic use.

Ensure equitable water distribution across villages in the panchayat.

Plan sustainable groundwater usage to avoid over-exploitation.

2. Data Collection & Analysis
A. Demographic & Water Demand Assessment
Population Data: Current and projected population (for 10–20 years).

Water Requirements:

Domestic Use: 55–135 liters per capita daily (as per IS 1172:1993).

Agriculture: Crop water requirements (based on local crops and acreage).

Livestock: Water needs for cattle, poultry, etc.

Existing Water Sources: Inventory of wells, ponds, rivers, and existing borewells.

B. Geological & Hydrogeological Survey
Topographic Maps: Use GIS tools or SOI (Survey of India) maps.

Aquifer Mapping: Identify groundwater zones (confined/unconfined aquifers).

Rainfall Data: Average annual rainfall and recharge potential.

Geophysical Surveys:

Electrical Resistivity Testing (to locate water-bearing strata).

Seismic Surveys (for hard-rock areas).

C. Government Guidelines & Compliance
Follow Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA) norms for borewell depth and spacing.

Check state-specific groundwater regulations (e.g., Kerala prohibits borewells below 200m).

3. Methodology for Borewell Estimation
A. Site Selection
Prioritize areas with acute water scarcity.

Maintain a minimum distance of 500m between borewells (to avoid interference).

Avoid proximity to contamination sources (e.g., landfills, industrial areas).

B. Depth & Yield Estimation
Depth: Based on aquifer depth (typically 150–300m in hard-rock regions).

Yield: Use pump tests to estimate discharge rate (e.g., 1,000–5,000 liters/hour).

C. Number of Borewells Required
Formula:

Number of Borewells
=
Total Water Demand (liters/day)
Borewell Yield (liters/day)
Number of Borewells=
Borewell Yield (liters/day)
Total Water Demand (liters/day)
​

Factor in seasonal variations (e.g., 30% lower yield in summer).

4. Cost Estimation
A. Capital Costs
Drilling: ₹500–₹1,500 per foot (depending on depth and geology).
Challenges & Mitigation
Dry Borewells: Use advanced geophysical surveys to reduce failure risk.

Community Conflicts: Transparent site selection and grievance redressal.

Legal Issues: Strict adherence to CGWA guidelines.

Tools & Resources
Software: QGIS for mapping, MODFLOW for groundwater modeling.

Government Portals: WRIS (Water Resources Information System), CGWA portal.

NGOs: Collaborate with organizations like WaterAid for technical support.

Casing Pipe: ₹300–₹600 per meter (PVC/GI).

Pump & Installation: Submersible pump (₹20,000–₹50,000).

Miscellaneous: Labor, permits, transportation.

B. Example Calculation
Depth: 200 feet

Drilling Cost: 200 ft × ₹1,000/ft = ₹200,000

Casing: 200m × ₹500/m = ₹100,000

Pump: ₹40,000

Total: ₹3,40,000 per borewell.

C. Budget Allocation
Include contingencies (10–15% of total cost).

Leverage government schemes (e.g., Jal Jeevan Mission, MGNREGA).

5. Community Involvement & Permissions
Gram Sabha Approval: Present the plan in village meetings for consensus.

NOC from Authorities: Obtain permits from the Panchayat, CGWA, and State Water Board.

Environmental Compliance: Submit Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) if required.

6. Implementation Plan
Tendering: Hire licensed drilling contractors.

Timeline: Allocate 15–30 days per borewell (drilling, testing, pump installation).

Quality Control: Monitor drilling logs, water quality (test for TDS, fluoride, etc.).

7. Sustainability & Maintenance
Recharge Structures: Build check dams or recharge pits to replenish groundwater.

Water Audit: Monitor usage to prevent over-extraction.

Community Training: Train locals to maintain pumps and report issues.

8. Reporting & Documentation
Technical Report: Include maps, drilling logs, water test results, and cost breakdown.

Submit to Authorities: Panchayat office, Block Development Officer (BDO), and District Water Department.