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Conductors and Insulators

Why do some materials let electricity flow through them while others don't? It's all to do with their atoms and electrons.

In conductors, the electrons are free to move and carry charge with them. We call them delocalized or free electrons and they are found in all metals. This is why metals make great conductors of electricity.

Insulators, on the other hand, do not have free electrons and so make bad conductors of electricity. Although, they still have electrons they are not as free to flow through the material and carry with them electrical charge.

Of course, with a high enough voltage anything can be forced to conduct electricity but this does not make them conductors. Conductors are materials that allow electricity to flow through them EASILY.

To test if something is a conductor or insulator we can connect them into a series circuit with a lightbulb. If the lightbulb turns on its a conductor but if it stays switched off its an insulator.

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