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The term "collegium system" is often used in the context of judicial appointments, particularly in countries like India. It refers to a system where a group of individuals, typically judges, collectively make decisions on judicial appointments and transfers.

In India, the collegium system is a method of appointing judges to the higher judiciary, including the Supreme Court and High Courts. The system was established through a series of judicial pronouncements by the Supreme Court itself, starting in the 1990s.

Under the collegium system in India, the appointment and transfer of judges are primarily decided by a body consisting of the Chief Justice of India and a group of senior judges. The exact composition and functioning of the collegium have evolved over time through judicial interpretations.

Initially, the collegium system was seen as a means to ensure the independence of the judiciary and to prevent political interference in the appointment process. It aimed to give the judiciary greater control over the selection of judges, reducing the role of the executive branch of the government.

However, the collegium system has also faced criticism. Some argue that it lacks transparency and accountability, as the process of judge selection is not open to public scrutiny. Critics also argue that the system concentrates excessive power in the hands of a few judges, potentially leading to favoritism or bias in appointments.

It is worth noting that the collegium system is specific to the Indian context, and other countries may have different methods of judicial appointments and transfers.