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How Recursive DNS Query Works?

In the context of computer networking and the Internet, the Domain Name System (DNS) is a critical component that allows us to access websites and other online resources by translating domain names into IP addresses. When a device wants to access a website, it sends a DNS query to a DNS server to resolve the domain name into an IP address.

One of the most common types of DNS queries is a recursive DNS query. In a recursive DNS query, the DNS server that receives the query does all the work of resolving the query, rather than referring the client device to other DNS servers.

Here's how a recursive DNS query works:

The client device sends a DNS query to its local DNS resolver (usually provided by the Internet Service Provider).

The local DNS resolver checks its cache to see if it has the IP address for the requested domain name. If it does, it returns the IP address to the client device.

If the local DNS resolver does not have the IP address in its cache, it sends a recursive DNS query to a root DNS server. The root DNS server is responsible for providing a referral to a top-level domain (TLD) DNS server that is responsible for the TLD of the requested domain name.

The local DNS resolver then sends a recursive DNS query to the TLD DNS server identified by the root DNS server. The TLD DNS server provides a referral to the authoritative DNS server for the domain.

The local DNS resolver then sends a recursive DNS query to the authoritative DNS server for the domain. The authoritative DNS server provides the IP address for the requested domain name.

The local DNS resolver caches the IP address and returns it to the client device.

Overall, recursive DNS queries can be more efficient than iterative DNS queries because they minimize the number of DNS queries that need to be sent. However, they place a heavier burden on DNS servers because they require more work to be done by each server.

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