Direct and Indirect speech Narration | Reporting Verb | Change of Tenses | English with Aijaz Latif

Hey everyone, welcome back to my channel! In today's video, we're going to explore the concept of Direct and Indirect Speech Narration in English grammar. We'll be focusing on the role of the reporting verb and how to change tenses when converting direct speech to indirect speech. Let's dive in!

What is Direct and Indirect Speech?

First, let's define direct and indirect speech.

- *Direct Speech:* This involves quoting the exact words spoken by someone. For example, She said, "I am going to the store."
- *Indirect Speech:* This involves reporting what someone said without using their exact words. For example, She said that she was going to the store.

The Role of the Reporting Verb

The reporting verb is crucial in indirect speech. Common reporting verbs include "say," "tell," "ask," and "reply." The choice of reporting verb can affect the structure of the sentence:

- *"Say"* is used when the sentence does not include an object.
- Direct: He said, "I am tired."
- Indirect: He said that he was tired.

- *"Tell"* is used when the sentence includes an object.
- Direct: She told him, "You need to hurry."
- Indirect: She told him that he needed to hurry.

- *"Ask"* is used for questions.
- Direct: He asked, "Are you coming?"
- Indirect: He asked if I was coming.

Changing Tenses in Indirect Speech

When converting direct speech to indirect speech, the tense of the verbs usually changes. This change depends on the tense of the reporting verb:

- *Present Simple to Past Simple*
- Direct: She says, "I eat breakfast at 8 AM."
- Indirect: She said that she ate breakfast at 8 AM.

- *Present Continuous to Past Continuous*
- Direct: He says, "I am reading a book."
- Indirect: He said that he was reading a book.

- *Present Perfect to Past Perfect*
- Direct: She says, "I have finished my homework."
- Indirect: She said that she had finished her homework.

- *Simple Past to Past Perfect*
- Direct: He said, "I saw her yesterday."
- Indirect: He said that he had seen her the day before.

No Change in Tense

There are instances where the tense does not change, such as when the reported speech expresses a universal truth or a habitual action.

- *Universal Truth*
- Direct: The teacher said, "The Earth revolves around the sun."
- Indirect: The teacher said that the Earth revolves around the sun.

Examples and Practice

Let's look at a few more examples to clarify these rules:

- Direct: She said, "I will call you tomorrow."
- Indirect: She said that she would call me the next day.

- Direct: They said, "We are planning a trip."
- Indirect: They said that they were planning a trip.

- Direct: He asked, "Did you finish the report?"
- Indirect: He asked if I had finished the report.

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Learn English Grammar in Hindi/Urdu

1. Advanced Parts of Speech for CSS/PMS UPSC:
   • Advance Level Parts of Speech for  CS...  

2. Parts of Speech for Beginners:
   • Parts of Speech for Beginners  

3. Conditional Sentences:
   • Conditional Sentences  

4. Tenses in Urdu/Hindi:
   • Tenses in Urdu/Hindi