Скачать или смотреть Artificial insemination process in a cow|যে পদ্ধতিতে প্রজনন করলে কনসেপ রেট ৯০% বৃদ্ধি পায়

Artificial insemination process in a cow|যে পদ্ধতিতে প্রজনন করলে কনসেপ রেট ৯০% বৃদ্ধি পায়। কৃত্রিম প্রজনন, গরুর খামার, dairy farm, artificial ইন্সেমিনাতিওন

cow farming, dairy farming, cows problem, cows problem solution, বেশি দুধের গাভী,
Repeat breeding problem. Repeat breeding syndrome (RBS) is a major cause of economic loss in the dairy industry, defined as a cow failing to become pregnant after three or more successive, regular inseminations without any obvious clinical issues. The problem stems from either fertilization failure or early embryonic death and can be influenced by many factors, including management, genetics, nutrition, and environment.
‎The defining characteristic of RBS is a cow that appears to have normal, regular estrous cycles but does not conceive after repeated services.
‎Early repeaters: Return to heat within a normal cycle length (17–24 days). This suggests fertilization either failed to occur or the embryo died very early.
‎Late repeaters: Return to heat after a longer period (over 25 days). This indicates that the cow conceived but experienced a loss of pregnancy after the typical maternal recognition period.
‎Causes
‎RBS is a complex issue with multiple potential causes.
‎Management factors
‎Incorrect insemination timing: Inseminating the cow at the wrong time in her estrous cycle is a primary cause of fertilization failure.
‎Poor heat detection: Missing or misinterpreting the subtle signs of heat is a common problem on many farms.
‎Faulty insemination technique: Errors during artificial insemination (AI) can cause injury or introduce contamination.
‎Poor semen quality: Using low-quality or improperly handled semen will result in a lower conception rate.
‎Stress: Environmental and social stressors, such as heat, overcrowding, or diet changes, can negatively impact fertility.
‎Female factors
‎Subclinical uterine infections: Low-grade, non-obvious uterine inflammation (endometritis) is a frequent cause of repeat breeding. It can interfere with both fertilization and embryo survival.
‎Hormonal imbalances: Defects in the timing or quantity of hormones like progesterone and GnRH can cause delayed ovulation or prevent the uterus from properly supporting a pregnancy.
‎Genetic or congenital defects: Anatomical abnormalities in the re
Negative energy balance: For high-producing dairy cows, a negative energy balance postpartum can disrupt the hormonal cycles necessary for reproduction.
‎Dietary deficiencies: Inadequate intake of vitamins (A and E) and minerals (copper and selenium) can negatively affect fertility.
‎Diagnosis
‎Because the symptoms are not obvious, diagnosing the underlying cause of RBS requires a veterinarian's expertise.
‎Clinical examination: A veterinarian will check for obvious problems with the reproductive tract through palpation and vaginoscopy.
‎Breeding history analysis: Detailed records on insemination timing and estrous cycles can help classify the cow as an "early" or "late" repeater.
‎Uterine cytology and culture: Taking a swab or biopsy of the uterus can help detect subclinical endometritis or other infections.
‎Ultrasonography: An ultrasound of the reproductive tract can identify subtle issues like uterine fluid or ovulatory defects.
‎Blood tests: Evaluating hormone and metabolic profiles can help uncover nutritional or endocrine problems.
‎Treatment and prevention
‎The most effective approach combines proper management with targeted treatments.
‎Management and prevention
‎Improve heat detection: Train staff to recognize signs of heat and consider using aids like milk progesterone testing to confirm heat status.
‎Optimize insemination timing: Follow a proper AI protocol, such as the "AM/PM rule," or consider double insemination for repeaters.
‎Use high-quality semen: Use semen from fertile, healthy bulls and ensure proper handling and storage.
‎Enhance nutrition: Maintain optimal body condition score and supplement with a balanced mineral mix, especially for high-producing cows.
‎Control stress: Provide adequate cooling during hot weather and minimize stressors during the insemination period.
‎Improve hygiene: Use sterile techniques during AI to prevent introducing infections to the uterus.
‎Veterinary treatment options
‎Intrauterine therapy: Infusion of antibiotics or antiseptics can be used to treat subclinical uterine infections, though some vets prefer a systemic antibiotic to avoid irritation.
‎Hormonal treatments: Administering hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the time of AI or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after AI can help address ovulatory defects or luteal insufficiency.
‎Synchronization protocols: Protocols like OvSynch or Double OvSynch can regulate the estrous cycle and help overcome hormonal imbalances.
‎Embryo transfer: For cows with ovulatory defects or poor uterine environments, transferring a healthy embryo can bypass the problem entirely.
‎Culling: If a specific cause cannot be identified or R