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Spinal disc degeneration, also known as degenerative disc disease, is not actually a disease. Rather, it refers to changes in the spinal discs as a result of chronic wear and tear, injury, or natural aging that occurs over a long period of time. These changes include loss of fluid in the discs (a condition called disc desiccation), tears of the disc annulus (the outer layer of the disc), and growth of nerve fibers in the damaged discs.
Degenerative disc disease occurs in the neck or lower back regions of the spine. This happens because these regions are under more pressure than others.
Discs in these regions have more movement, and therefore wear and tear much more. So, the intervertebral discs are located between the vertebrae of the spine and serve as padding between them. These discs help with the stress that occurs in the spine with movement.
With age or due to some other reasons like repetitive movements, the elastic part of the disc can wear and tear. There are several reasons for this, including loss of fluid, which is one of the main components of the discs, or some changes in disc structure, such as cracks or tears.