Anatomy Of The Sternum - Everything You Need To Know - Dr. Nabil Ebraheim

Dr. Ebraheim’s educational animated video describes the anatomy of the sternum. All you need to know.
The sternum, or breastbone, is a flat bone at the front and center of the chest. The sternum consists of three bony parts. The manubrium sterni is the broad handle-like upper portion of the bone. The body of the sternum is the long, flat, and narrow middle portion of the sternum, or breastbone. The xiphoid process is the lower portion of the sternum that projects downward. There is a depression on the superior border of the manubrium called the jugular notch.
The jugular notch is palpable through the skin and it is the mark of the inferior margin of the jugular fascia. There is a depression on each side of the jugular notch called the clavicular notch. Below the clavicular notch, there is a shallow depression called the first costal notch for articulation with the first rib. At the junction of the manubrium and the body, there is a facet for articulation of the second rib, called the 2nd costal notch. At the junction of the manubrium and the body, there is a facet for articulation of the second rib called the 2nd costal notch. Where the manubrium meets the body, the manubrium is angled backwards in relationship to the body of the sternum. This is called the sternal angle. The sternal angle is important in costal breathing, since it allows for greater expansion of the rib cage. Costal breathing is inspiration and expiration produced by movements of the ribs. The lateral borders of the sternal body have several costal bodies that articulate with the 3rd-7th ribs. Please note that notches 6 and 7 are very close to each other. The sternum is an origin for the pectoralis major and sternocledomastoid muscles. The clavicular head of the pectoralis major originates from the medial half of the clavicle. The sternocostal head originates on the lateral aspect of the manubrium and sternum. The pectoralis major muscle also originates from the six upper costal cartilages and the external oblique aponeurosis. The pectoralis major muscle then inserts into the lateral lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus. The sternocledomastoid muscle originates from the manubrium sterni and the medial portion of the clavicle. The sternoclavicular joint is a saddle type joint that allows movement of the clavicle. The joint involves the proximal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum. The sternoclavicular joint takes time to develop, with development usually not complete until around 25 years of age. The SC joint is supported by strong ligaments. Because motion at the SCJ accompanies movement of the arm, it is one of the most frequently used joints and could be prone to degenerative charges. Fractures involving the sternum are injuries that usually occur due to a significant blunt trauma to the chest. There are two types of sternal fractures: direct and indirect. A direct fracture occurs due to a direct blow to the anterior chest wall, resulting in posterior displacement of the distal sternal segment. An indirect fracture is a hyperflexion injury to the sternum, causing posterior displacement of the proximal sternal segment. Look carefully for possible associated vertebral fracture!

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Background music provided as a free download from YouTube Audio Library.
Song Title: Every Step