Wikipedia: The M1 carbine (formally the United States Carbine, Caliber .30, M1) is a lightweight semi-automatic carbine that was a standard firearm for the U.S. military during World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War. The M1 carbine was produced in several variants and was widely used by paramilitary and police forces around the world, and also became a popular civilian firearm after World War II.
The M2 carbine is the selective-fire version of the M1 carbine, capable of firing in both semi-automatic and full-automatic. The M3 carbine was an M2 carbine with an active infrared scope system.
Despite having a similar name and physical outward appearance, the M1 carbine is not a carbine version of the M1 Garand rifle. On July 1, 1925, the U.S. Army began using the current naming convention where the "M" is the designation for "Model" and the number represents the sequential development of equipment and weapons.[9] Therefore, the "M1 carbine" was the first carbine developed under this system. The "M2 carbine" was the second carbine developed under the system, etc.
Prior to World War II, the U.S. Army Ordnance Department received reports that the full-size M1 rifle was too heavy and cumbersome for most support troops (staff, artillerymen, radiomen, etc.) to carry. During pre-war and early war field exercises, it was found that the M1 Garand impeded these soldiers' mobility, as a slung rifle would frequently catch on brush or hit the back of the helmet and tilt it over the eyes. Many soldiers found the rifle slid off the shoulder unless slung diagonally across the back, where it prevented the wearing of standard field packs and haversacks.[citation needed]
Additionally, Germany's use of glider-borne and paratrooper forces to launch surprise blitzkrieg attacks behind the front lines generated a request for a new compact infantry weapon to equip support troops. This request called for a compact, lightweight defensive weapon with greater range, accuracy and firepower than a handgun, while weighing half as much as the Thompson submachine gun or the M1 rifle. The U.S. Army decided that a carbine-type weapon would adequately fulfill all of these requirements, and specified that the new arm should weigh no more than 5 pounds (2.3 kg) and have an effective range of 300 yards (270 m). Paratroopers were also added to the list of intended users and a folding-stock version would also be developed.
Type
M1, semi-automatic carbine
M2/M3, selective-fire carbine
Place of origin United States
Service history
In service
1942–1973 (United States)
1942–present (other countries)
Used by See Users
Wars
World War II
Hukbalahap Rebellion
Chinese Civil War (limited)
First Indochina War
Indonesian National Revolution[1]
Korean War
Malayan Emergency
Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
Algerian War
Suez Crisis
Cuban Revolution
Vietnam War
Laotian Civil War
Bay of Pigs Invasion[2]
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Six-Day War
Cambodian Civil War
The Troubles
Angolan Civil War
Black September[3]
Lebanese Civil War
Insurgency in Aceh[4]
Mexican Drug War
Syrian Civil War[5]
Production history
Designer
Fred Humeston
William C. Roemer
David Marshall Williams
Designed 1938–1941
Manufacturer
Military contractors
Commercial copies
Unit cost About $45 (WWII) (equivalent to $700 in 2021)
Produced
July 1942 – August 1945 (U.S. military)
1945–present (commercial)
No. built 6,121,309 (WWII)[6]
Variants M1A1, M1A3, M2, M2A2, M3
Specifications
Mass 5.2 lb (2.4 kg) empty 5.8 lb (2.6 kg) loaded w/sling
Length 35.6 in (900 mm)
Barrel length 18 in (460 mm)
Cartridge .30 Carbine
Action Gas-operated (short-stroke piston), rotating bolt
Rate of fire
60–70 aimed rounds/min (M1/A1)
750 rounds/min (M2)[6]
Muzzle velocity 1,990 ft/s (607 m/s)
Effective firing range 300 yd (270 m)
Feed system 15- or 30-round detachable box magazine
Sights Rear sight: aperture; L-type flip or adjustable, front sight: wing-protected post
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