Скачать или смотреть Capacitor problem jee mains 2024

Energy is lost in a capacitor due to resistive heating of the circuit wires during charging and discharging, which dissipates energy as heat. When a charged capacitor is connected to another capacitor, energy is lost as the charges redistribute and the energy transforms from potential energy to heat. This loss is unavoidable because the final energy state after charge redistribution is always less than the initial energy state. 

Reasons for energy loss

Resistance:

The wires and components in a circuit have resistance, which causes energy to be lost as heat whenever current flows through them during charging or discharging. 

Charge redistribution:

When two capacitors are connected, the charges will flow from the higher voltage capacitor to the lower voltage one until they reach a common potential. This redistribution is not 100% efficient; some of the initial potential energy is lost as heat due to the resistance in the wires as the charges move. 

Arcing:

When switching components or connecting conductors, a small spark (arc) can occur if there is a voltage difference. This spark causes a significant amount of energy to be lost as heat and light. 

Dissipation factor (DF):

This is a measure of the power lost in a capacitor itself, primarily due to dielectric losses. This loss can cause the capacitor to heat up, which can reduce its lifespan and affect other circuit components. 


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