Скачать или смотреть The First Greco-Persian War | Animated History Documentary

The First Persian Invasion of Greece (492-490 BC) was the direct result of the Ionian Revolt and Darius I's broader ambitions to extend and secure his empire. The revolt, sparked by the failed Naxos expedition and the rise of democratic movements in the Ionian cities, drew the attention of Athens and Eretria. These two city-states, united in their opposition to Persian rule, soon found themselves at the forefront of the struggle.
Athens, having recently embraced democracy, saw the revolt as both a shared cause and an opportunity to challenge Persian power. Eretria, driven by commercial interests and historical alliances, also threw its support behind the Ionian cities. Their joint raid on Sardis, though ultimately unsuccessful, led to Darius's deep enmity and set the stage for the Persian retaliatory campaign.
In 492 BC, Darius dispatched Mardonius to subdue Thrace and Macedon, aiming to assert Persian dominance in the region. While Mardonius achieved some success on land, his forces suffered a crippling defeat at sea due to a violent storm off Mount Athos. Undeterred, Darius turned to diplomacy in 491 BC, demanding "earth and water" from Greek city-states as a symbol of submission. Most smaller states complied, but Athens and Sparta defiantly refused, executing or mistreating the Persian ambassadors. This marked a decisive moment in Greek-Persian relations and set the stage for a more direct confrontation.
In 490 BC, Darius launched a full-scale amphibious invasion, led by Datis and Artaphernes. After sacking Eretria, the Persians landed at Marathon, aiming to crush Athens. Despite being outnumbered and awaiting Spartan reinforcements, the Athenians won a stunning victory. The Battle of Marathon demonstrated the superiority of the hoplite phalanx and shattered the myth of Persian invincibility.
The victory at Marathon, while a crushing blow to Persian ambitions, was only the beginning. It would fuel Athenian confidence and signal the rise of Athens as a major power. The battle also foreshadowed greater struggles to come, as Darius’s desire to subjugate Greece remained unquenched, and his son Xerxes would later take up the mantle of his father’s campaign. The events that followed Marathon would mark the beginning of a series of pivotal confrontations, reshaping the course of Greek and Persian history.



SOURCES:
https://www.worldhistory.org/
https://www.britannica.com/
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MUSIC : by Alexander Nakarada
Music: by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License

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