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Chemical Structure of Chromosome.
ক্রোমোজোমের রসায়নিক উপাদান.
chemical composition of Chromosome.

In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
The major chemical components of the chromosome are DNA, RNA (nucleic acids), and proteins (histones and nonhistones).
Nucleic acid:
These constitute mostly DNA being about 35% along with histone protein (These are basic proteins having amino acids such as arginine and lysine in their molecules.) which is 55%, thus forming deoxyribonucleoprotein comprising 90% of chromosome. The remaining 10% part is called residual chromosome and contains RNA 12 to 14%, DNA 2 to 3%, and residual protein 83 to 86%.

Proteins:
The basic proteins, histone and protamine, the later one are less complex. Protamine has been found only in spermatozoa of some fishes where it appears to have replaced histone. Histone is found in practically all the types of nuclei that have been studied. Histone has arginine and lysine amino acids and little tryptophane or tyrosine.
Protamine has 90% arginine and no tyrosine or tryptophane. Histones are highly viscous complex of DNA and may be removed from the chromosome by NaCl (concentration of one mol/litre) and DNA-histone ratio of the removed complex is about 1.2: 1 to 1.6: 1.

The nonhistone or residual protein remains in the chromosome after DNA and histones have been removed. It contains more tryptophane than in histones.

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Structure of Chromosome:    • Chromosome Structure, Types and Function |...