Скачать или смотреть How Thermal / Coal Power Plant works

Coal power plants generate electricity by burning coal to produce steam, which drives a turbine connected to a generator. Here's a simplified overview:

Main Components:

1. Coal Handling System
2. Pulverizer (Coal Mill)
3. Furnace (Boiler)
4. Steam Turbine
5. Generator
6. Cooling System

Process:

1. *Coal Handling*: Coal is transported to the plant and stored in silos.
2. *Pulverization*: Coal is ground into a fine powder (pulverized coal) to increase surface area.
3. *Combustion*: Pulverized coal is burned in the furnace, releasing heat energy.
4. *Steam Generation*: Water is heated by the furnace, producing high-pressure steam.
5. *Steam Turbine*: Steam expands through the turbine, spinning the rotor.
6. *Generator*: The turbine drives the generator, producing electricity.
7. *Cooling*: Steam is cooled, condensed, and reused.

Detailed Process:

1. Coal is burned in the furnace, producing heat (around 1,500°C).
2. Heat is transferred to water in the boiler, producing steam (around 500°C and 150 bar).
3. Steam expands through the high-pressure turbine, spinning the rotor.
4. Steam then passes through the low-pressure turbine, further expanding and spinning the rotor.
5. The turbine drives the generator, producing electricity (typically 50 or 60 Hz).
6. The generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
7. Electricity is transmitted to the power grid.

Types of Coal Power Plants:

1. Pulverized Coal (PC) Plants
2. Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) Plants
3. Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Plants
4. Subcritical, Supercritical, and Ultra-Supercritical Plants (varying steam pressure)

Efficiency:

Coal power plants typically have an efficiency of 33-40%, meaning 60-67% of the energy in coal is lost as heat.

Environmental Impact:

Coal power plants emit greenhouse gases (CO2, NOx, SO2), particulate matter, and other pollutants.

Modernizations:

To reduce emissions and improve efficiency, modern coal power plants incorporate technologies like:

1. Flue gas desulfurization (FGD)
2. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR)
3. Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs)
4. Carbon capture and storage (CCS)

Keep in mind that coal power plants are being phased out in many countries due to environmental concerns and the shift towards cleaner energy sources.

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