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Islam declined | What happened with the Muslim Majority of Spain?
The Muslim presence in Spain, also known as Al-Andalus, lasted for several centuries and left a significant impact on the region's history and culture. Islamic Spain flourished from the early 8th century until the completion of the Reconquista in 1492. During this period, Muslim Arabs and Berbers established a thriving civilization characterized by advancements in science, art, and architecture.

However, the gradual decline of Muslim rule began in the 11th century with the fragmentation of the caliphate and the emergence of numerous independent Taifa kingdoms. These fragmented kingdoms were vulnerable to Christian kingdoms in the north, which gradually expanded their territories through military campaigns known as the Reconquista.

The process of the Reconquista involved Christian kingdoms reconquering territories from the Muslims. This was a lengthy and complex process spanning several centuries, with intermittent periods of Muslim resurgence. Eventually, the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile, completed the Reconquista by capturing the last Muslim stronghold of Granada in 1492.

After the Reconquista, Muslims who remained in Spain faced significant pressure to convert to Christianity or leave the country. The Muslim population gradually declined as a result of forced conversions, expulsions, and migrations. The final blow came in 1609 when the Spanish Crown issued a decree expelling the remaining Muslim population, known as the Moriscos.

As a result, Spain became predominantly Christian and synonymous with Christianity. The Muslim presence in the country was greatly diminished, and Islam, which once thrived in Al-Andalus, was no longer a significant religious or cultural force in Spain.

Today, Spain's historical ties to Islamic civilization are recognized and celebrated, particularly in southern regions such as Andalusia, where remnants of Islamic architecture and cultural influences can still be found. The period of Islamic Spain remains an important chapter in Spanish history, showcasing the interplay of diverse cultures and the lasting impact of Muslim civilization on the Iberian Peninsula.

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