Скачать или смотреть The Human Eye: Impossible Evolution? Testing Darwin's Theory

The human eye remains one of the most intricate and debated biological structures. This video explores the complexity of vision and the ongoing controversy between evolutionary theory and intelligent design.

We examine Darwin's own admission of the difficulty in explaining the eye's origin through natural selection. Evolutionary simulations, based on the Nilsson and Pelger hypothesis, demonstrate how an array of photosensitive epithelial cells can gradually bend to achieve a camera obscura. This model suggests complex structures can evolve through the accumulation of simple quantitative characteristics.

However, the hypothesis of intelligent design theory argues that complex features, such as the eye, exhibit "irreducible complexity" and could not evolve through small, successive changes. A recent probabilistic examination of the Darwinian evolutionary model applies numerical analysis to this challenge. This analysis estimates that the transformation from a light-sensitive cell to a fully functional human eye requires 10⁶ to 10⁷ mutations. The study concludes that the probability of achieving the observed complexity is astronomically low, so low that it is comparable to the scale of improbability required to account for the total number of atoms in the observable universe ($10^{80}$).

Furthermore, the emergence of complex organs must account for challenges like Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs). According to studies, GRNs introduce an additional probabilistic hurdle that reduces the likelihood of complex structures spontaneously emerging (Bronner & Edens, 2025) [2025 STUDY]. Ultimately, the intricacy of the human visual system—capable of an estimated 576 megapixels of resolution and involving complex wiring—continues to make the argument of origins one of the most debatable topics in science.