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Learn how to manage imports across different subfolders in Python 3 projects effectively, solving common import errors and streamlining your code structure.
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How to Successfully Import Modules from Different Subfolders in Python 3

When working with larger Python projects, it's common to organize your code into multiple directories (or subfolders). This structured approach can make your codebase neater and more maintainable. However, it can also lead to challenges, particularly with module imports.

In this guide, we’ll explore a typical problem: importing functions from a module located in a different subfolder and how you can solve this issue effectively.

The Problem

Imagine you have the following directory structure for your Python project:

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You want to use functions defined in module1.py located in dir1 from module2.py in dir2. Additionally, you plan to call functions from module2.py in run.py, which is your main script.

A common approach for such imports is to use relative imports. You might try writing something like this in module2.py:

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Unfortunately, this results in an error when you attempt to run your main script:

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This error typically occurs due to incorrect relative import paths in your module structure.

The Solution

To effectively import functions between these subfolders without running into errors, you should avoid using relative imports. Instead, use absolute imports that specify the full path to the modules you want to import.

Steps to Implement Absolute Imports

Modify the Import Statement:
In module2.py, change your import statement to the following:

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This imports the your_function directly from module1.py in dir1, bypassing the need for relative paths.

Ensure Correct Specified Imports:
If you need to import functions from module2.py into run.py, you would do it like this in run.py:

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Run Your Main Script:
After making these changes, you can now run your run.py file using either of the following commands, and it should execute without any import errors:

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or

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Conclusion

By switching from relative imports to absolute imports, you can streamline the management of your Python modules across different subfolders. This not only helps avoid common pitfalls like the ValueError we saw but also makes your code more explicit and easier to understand.

Now, you can focus on building your application without worrying about module import issues!

If you have any further questions or need additional help with Python, feel free to leave a comment below!