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Enrollment Link for General Studies Foundations (Prelims + Mains + Interviews) : www.misfits.bet
For Optional Subject (Political Science & International Relations) : www.misfits.bet
Revised Strategy for Scoring *300+ Marks in PSIR Optional*
#### *PSIR Syllabus Overview*
The PSIR optional for UPSC consists of **two papers**:
**Paper I**: Political Theory and Indian Politics
**Paper II**: Comparative Politics and International Relations
Each paper is worth *250 marks**, making it a total of **500 marks**. Here's the syllabus breakdown and a tailored strategy using **Misfits IFS 7 Seasons* as your **primary resource
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*Paper II: Comparative Politics and International Relations*
#### *Section A: Comparative Politics*
**Core Themes**: Political systems, theories of state, globalization, political institutions.
**Key Topics**: State sovereignty, political culture, democratization, and development.
#### *Section B: International Relations*
**Core Themes**: Global governance, India’s foreign policy, global terrorism, climate change.
**Key Topics**: NAM, Cold War, multipolarity, nuclear diplomacy, WTO, IMF reforms.
nd has survived despite multiple conflicts between the two nations.
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Key Provisions:
1. *Allocation of Rivers:*
*Eastern Rivers**: The rivers Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej are allocated to **India* for unrestricted use.
**Western Rivers**: The rivers Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab are allocated to **Pakistan**, with limited usage rights for India.
2. *India's Rights on Western Rivers:*
India can use the western rivers for *non-consumptive purposes* like navigation, irrigation (to a limited extent), hydroelectric power generation, and storage of water within prescribed limits.
3. *Permanent Indus Commission (PIC):*
A joint commission established to ensure cooperation and manage disputes.
The PIC meets regularly to discuss issues and share data.
4. *Dispute Resolution Mechanism:*
Any differences are resolved in three stages:
1. **Permanent Indus Commission**: Initial resolution attempt.
2. **Neutral Expert**: Appointed by the World Bank for technical disputes.
3. **Arbitration Court**: For legal disputes or unresolved issues.
5. *Data Sharing:*
Both countries are required to share hydrological data.
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Historical Background:
The partition of India in 1947 divided the I
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Challenges and Criticism:
1. *India’s Concerns:*
Limited rights over western rivers restrict India's potential for development in regions like Jammu & Kashmir.
The treaty is seen by some as disproportionately favoring Pakistan.
2. *Pakistan’s Concerns:*
Fear of India's potential misuse of upstream control to manipulate water flow, especially during conflicts.
Allegations of India building projects like *Baglihar Dam* and *Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project* in violation of the treaty.
3. *Climate Change:*
Melting glaciers and erratic monsoon patterns threaten the water flow in the basin, adding strain to the agreement.
4. *Geopolitical Tensions:*
India has threatened to reconsider the treaty post-terror attacks like the *Uri attack (2016)* and the **Pulwama attack (2019)**.
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Recent Developments:
In **January 2023**, India issued a notice to Pakistan seeking a modification of the treaty, citing Pakistan’s repeated objections to projects like Kishanganga.
India is exploring ways to utilize the full potential of the eastern rivers.
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Way Forward:
1. *Improved Dialogue:*
Regular communication and confidence-building measures through the Permanent Indus Commission.
2. *Adaptation to Climate Change:*
Both nations should invest in joint research and adaptive strategies to manage the impact of climate change on the Indus basin.
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