Скачать или смотреть How to use Reflux Condensers for Sugarcane by Vikas Video Credit: Amogh S

In this video, I demonstrate how to set up and operate a reflux condenser system for the treatment of sugarcane bagasse, a lignocellulosic agricultural residue. The basic principle behind reflux condensation is to heat a reaction mixture to its boiling point while continuously condensing the evaporated solvent back into the flask. This allows the reaction to proceed at an elevated temperature without loss of solvent or pressure buildup, making it ideal for biomass pretreatment processes. To begin, a known quantity of dried sugarcane bagasse is added to a round-bottom flask, followed by the addition of a suitable solvent such as citric acid acid, depending on the objective (e.g. hemicellulose breakdown). A vertical reflux condenser is then securely attached to the flask, and cold water is circulated through its tap to condense the rising vapors. The flask is heated using a heater to initiate boiling, allowing the vapors to rise, condense, and return continuously, ensuring constant contact between the solvent and biomass. The system is typically refluxed for 1–2 hours. After the desired time, the heat is turned off and the setup is allowed to cool before carefully dismantling it. The treated bagasse can then be filtered and further analyzed or used in downstream applications. This method provides a controlled environment for effective chemical pretreatment of biomass, enhancing its reactivity and potential for bio-based applications.