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Green lacewings are delicate insects with a wingspan of 6 to over 65 mm, though the largest forms are tropical.
They are characterized by a wide costal field in their wing venation, which includes the cross-veins.
The bodies are usually bright green to greenish-brown, and the compound eyes are conspicuously golden in many species.
The wings are usually translucent with a slight iridescence; some have green wing veins or a cloudy brownish wing pattern.

Adults have tympanal organs at the forewings' base, enabling them to hear well.
Some Chrysopa show evasive behavior when they hear a bat's ultrasound calls: when in flight, they close their wings (making their echolocational signature smaller) and drop down to the ground.

Green lacewings also use substrate or body vibrations as a form of communication between themselves, especially during courtship. Species which are nearly identical morphologically may sometimes be separated more easily based on their mating signals.

For example, the southern European Chrysoperla mediterranea looks almost identical to its northern relative C. carnea, but their courtship "songs" are very different; individuals of one species will not react to the other's vibrations