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What are Folds in Geology

A fold is a wave-like geologic structure that is formed by the bending or folding of Rock Strata due to compressional stress.When rock deforms in such a way that it bends instead of breaking, we call this a fold.Folds come from pressure on rocks that occur over very long periods of time. it's standing on it for millions of years until the pressure is finally enough that it changes shape.
Folds are created in rock when they experience compressional stress. This is when the rock is pushed inward from both sides. This is like if you put a spring between your hands and push them together. As you push, you're compressing the spring, and rock can be compressed in the same way over long periods of time.

Elements in Geology
Hinge point- point located at the maximum curvature.Hinge line- A line joining the hinge pointHinge zone-Region on the folded surface near the hinge line.Limbs- limbs are the sides of a fold. an individual fold will have two limbs, whereas, in a series of folds, the central limb is common to any two adjacent folds.Axial plane- Axial plane is the imaginary plane bisecting between the two limbs of a fold, Thus dividing the fold into two parts as symmetrically as possible. The axial plane may be vertical, inclined or even Horizontal.

Fold Axis-An Imaginary line in space along which the fold is generated. it does not have a fixed position on the folded surface, unlike the hinge.Axial Surface-The surface containing the hinge lines from consecutive folded surfaces.Interlimb angle- the Smaller angle made by the limbs of the fold is known to add the interlimb angle.The plunge of the fold-When the fold axis is an inclined angle which it makes with the horizontal, as measured verticle plane is called the angle of plunge or plunge of the fold.

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