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Syrian regime fuel supplies and refinement facilities are heavily influenced by Iran, Russia and well connected, powerful local actors.

75% of crude supply into regime controlled areas comes from Iran. 15% comes from local sources, which are extracted and transported by government entities, Russian investors, and powerful local actors. Russia and Iran also have influence over the Homs and Banias refineries.

Meanwhile a smuggler network manages convoys of fuel trucks that pass from Lebanon into Syria through illegal border crossings, controlled on the Lebanese side by Hezbollah.

Read the Chatham House research paper: 'Assessing Control and Power Dynamics in Syria'.
https://www.chathamhouse.org/2020/11/...

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