Скачать или смотреть The key to eternity lies in this creature: the Mexican axolotl

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The key to eternity lies in this creature: the Mexican axolotl

Researchers from Northeastern University and the University of Kentucky have identified a molecule that plays a key role in the long regeneration process of the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum): retinoic acid. This molecule acts as a signal that ‘tells’ the body what needs to regenerate where.

The biologist who led the study, James Monaghan, summarizes the process as follows:

“The cells receive this signal and respond with ‘I’m at the elbow, so I should grow a hand’ or ‘I’m at the shoulder, I should grow the whole arm back.’”

Retinoic acid creates a density map in the axolotl’s arm area. The levels of the molecule increase as it approaches the shoulder, while the density of the enzyme that breaks it down decreases. This difference in ratio determines ‘where’ and ‘how much’ the regenerative cells need to grow.

EXCESS ACID, FULL ARM GROWTH

When researchers injected an axolotl’s hand with extra retinoic acid, they observed that not only the hand but also the entire arm regenerated. This suggests that the molecule provides a comprehensive set of instructions that would build the entire limb.

POTENTIAL IN THE HUMAN BODY TOO

Interestingly, similar molecules and cells exist in the human body. However, these cells are focused on scarring rather than the correct regeneration instructions. Monaghan and his team are now investigating ways to reprogram this biological ‘response’.

“If we can convince our fibroblasts to listen to these regenerative signals, they already know the rest… because they have already produced those limbs in their development,” Monaghan says of the possibility of humans regrowing their limbs.

REGENERATION MAY BE POSSIBLE

The new findings could go beyond just scarless healing, paving the way for the regeneration of a lost finger or even an entire hand. Monaghan stresses that the idea is still remote but not entirely impossible.

The results of the study were published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature Communications.