Скачать или смотреть Mitosis: The Secret to How We Grow

Most body cells divide through a process called mitosis. Mitosis occurs when cells are growing or repairing damage that has been done to the organism. This process produces identical copies of cells and it is necessary for organisms to grow. You’re a lot larger version of yourself today than you were when you were a toddler thanks to cell division through mitosis.
As you might have guessed, the process of mitosis itself occurs in different phases. These phases are called prophase, metaphase, anapase, and telophase – PMAT for short.
During the first phase of mitosis, called prophase, theDNA condenses into chunky, highly organized units known as chromosomes. Each replicated chromosome consists of two sister chromatids, both with exact same genetic information. While humans have 46 chromosomes in their body cells, our simple example shows an organism with 6 just six. During prophase, the nuclear envelope also breaks down, the centrioles migrate to opposite poles, and the spindle fibers appear.
During the second phase - called metaphase – the condensed chromosomes, or sister chromatids, are pushed into the middle of the cell by spindle fibers. These protein fibers help to move and separate the chromosomes in an organized and systematic manner.
During the third phase - anaphase – the spindle fibers shorten, pulling the sister chromatids apart toward opposite ends of the cell. The spindle fibers help to pull them along.
During the final phase - telophase – with each set of chromosomes now effectively separated, the spindle fibers disappear, and the nuclear envelope reassembles forming two identical nuclei.
Finally, cytokinesis ---- division of the cytoplasm occurs resulting in two identical daughter cells.
So now that we know how the growth and repair of an organism happens through mitosis, can we model the stages of the process using just simple everyday materials?
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Next Generation Science Standards:
HS-LS1-4.
Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms. [Assessment Boundary: Assessment does not include specific gene control mechanisms or rote memorization of the steps of mitosis.
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