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Prevent Airway Damage in Smog

*By Dr. Prof. Vishal Pathania, ENT Specialist (Gurgaon)*

Smog has become a serious health threat in many Indian cities, especially during winter. The tiny toxic particles present in smog can directly damage the nose, throat, voice box, and lungs. As an ENT specialist, I frequently see patients with worsening cough, throat irritation, hoarseness, sinus infections, and breathing difficulty during high-smog days. The good news is that airway damage can be significantly reduced with the right preventive steps.

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How Smog Damages the Airway

Smog contains PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and other toxic gases. These pollutants:

Irritate the lining of the nose and throat
Reduce the natural defense mechanism of the airway
Trigger allergies and asthma
Worsen sinusitis and chronic cough
Cause long-term inflammation leading to airway sensitivity

Children, elderly patients, asthma sufferers, and people with sinus or allergy problems are especially vulnerable.

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Practical Steps to Prevent Airway Damage in Smog

1. Use a Certified Protective Mask

Prefer *N95 or N99 masks* when stepping outdoors
Ensure a snug fit covering both nose and mouth
Avoid loose cloth masks during high AQI days

This is one of the most effective ways to prevent polluted air from entering your airway.

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2. Limit Outdoor Exposure

Avoid morning walks and outdoor exercise when AQI is high
Keep windows closed during peak smog hours
Follow daily air quality alerts

If outdoor activity is unavoidable, keep it brief and wear protection.

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3. Maintain Nasal Hygiene

Perform *saline nasal spray or nasal wash* once or twice daily
This helps remove pollutants stuck to the nasal lining
Reduces chances of sinus infection and nasal blockage

Nasal cleansing is especially helpful for children and allergy patients.

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4. Keep Indoor Air Clean

Use air purifiers with HEPA filters if possible
Avoid smoking, incense sticks, and mosquito coils indoors
Regularly clean curtains, carpets, and bed linen

Indoor air quality is just as important as outdoor protection.

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5. Hydrate and Humidify

Drink plenty of water
Use a humidifier if indoor air is dry
Warm fluids help soothe irritated throat and airway

Proper hydration maintains the protective mucus layer of the airway.

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6. Strengthen Airway Immunity

Steam inhalation once daily during smog season
Consume vitamin-rich foods (fruits, vegetables)
Adequate sleep helps airway healing

Avoid self-medication with antibiotics or steroid sprays unless prescribed.

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7. Special Care for High-Risk Patients

Asthma and COPD patients should strictly follow inhaler schedules
Children with recurrent cough or noisy breathing need early evaluation
Persistent hoarseness, throat pain, or breathing difficulty must not be ignored

Early ENT consultation can prevent long-term airway damage.

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When to See an ENT Specialist

Consult an ENT doctor if you experience:

Persistent throat irritation or cough
Nasal blockage not relieved by home care
Frequent sinus infections during smog season
Hoarseness lasting more than 2 weeks
Breathing difficulty or noisy breathing

Timely treatment can protect your airway and prevent complications.

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Final Advice from Dr. Pathania

Smog-related airway damage is preventable. Awareness, protection, and early care are key. Simple daily habits like mask use, nasal hygiene, and indoor air control can go a long way in keeping your airway healthy during polluted months.

If symptoms persist despite precautions, professional ENT evaluation is strongly advised.

*Stay safe, breathe clean, and protect your airway.*