Скачать или смотреть 7.22- Concurrency Control Techniques- Introduction | DBMS Free Online Course | DBMS Tutorials

7.22- Concurrency Control Techniques- Introduction | DBMS Free Online Course | DBMS Tutorials

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Concurrency Control Techniques
To avoid concurrency related problems and to maintain consistency, some rules (protocols) need
to be made so that system can be protected from such situations and increase the efficiency.
8.5.1 Lock-Based Protocols
To maintain consistency, restrict modification of the data item by any other transaction which
is presently accessed by some transaction. These restrictions can be applied by applying locks
on data items. To access any data item, transaction have to obtain lock on it.
8.5.1.1 Granularity of Locks
The level and type of information that the lock protects is called locking granularity.
In other words, the size of data items that the data manager locks is called the locking
granularity. The granularity of locks in a database refers to how much of the data is locked
at one time. In theory, a database server can lock as much as the entire database or as little
as one column of data. The level of locking used depends on the typical access needs of
transactions as well as consideration of performance tradeoffs. Locking granularity affects
performance since more work is necessary to maintain and coordinate the increased number
of locks. To achieve optimum performance, a locking scheme must balance the needs of
concurrency and overhead. Locking can occur on the following levels