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Keynote by Dr. Bart Soenens and Prof. Dr. Maarten Vansteenkiste, University of Ghent, Belgium

How Radical is SDT’s Universality Claim?

Taking a Closer Look at the Role of Individual Differences in the Basic Psychological Needs

At the heart of SDT is the claim that all people have three basic psychological needs, the satisfaction of which is beneficial for individuals’ psychological growth and the frustration of which increases risk for ill-being and maladjustment. This strong claim about the pivotal and universal role of the psychological needs in psychosocial adjustment is sometimes interpreted mistakenly as a rather simplistic assumption that the psychological needs would play exactly the same role in all people’s lives. According to this caricature of SDT’s viewpoint, there would be little, if any, room for individual differences in the effects of the psychological needs. Also, contextual support for and thwarting of the needs would relate to developmental outcomes invariably across interindividual differences. In this joint keynote, we present recent correlational and experimental research in diverse life domains (i.e., parenting, education, sports, and cross-cultural dynamics) about basic psychological need theory that underscores SDT’s more nuanced view on the consequences and antecedents of the psychological needs.

First, research has begun to show that individuals differ to some extent in their sensitivity to the psychological needs, for better (in the case of need satisfaction) and for worse (in the case of need frustration). However, the role of these individual differences (in variables such as need strength, motivational orientations, and personality) is largely a matter of gradation as they affect the strength (but not the direction) of the effects of the psychological needs. Research on the transdiagnostic role of need frustration across different forms of psychopathology further points to individual differences in the manifestation of psychological need frustration. This will be a joint presentation by Dr. Bart Soenens and Prof. Dr. Maarten Vansteenkiste.