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10 Key P&ID Basics for Piping Engineers

1. Definition – P&ID shows process flow with all piping, instruments, and equipment in detail.


2. Equipment Identification – Each equipment has a unique tag number (e.g., Pump P-101).


3. Line Numbering – Piping lines are marked with line numbers that indicate size, service, and spec.


4. Flow Direction – Arrows on lines show the direction of fluid flow.


5. Valves – Different valve symbols (gate, globe, check, ball, MOV, ESDV) are shown.


6. Instruments – Instrument symbols with tags (like PT for pressure transmitter, FT for flow transmitter).


7. Control Loops – Shows how instruments are connected (transmitter → controller → valve).


8. Safety Devices – PSV, PRV, relief valves, rupture discs are clearly marked.


9. Service Information – P&ID shows operating pressure, temperature, and fluid service.


10. System Boundaries – Used for test pack preparation, hydrotest, pre-commissioning & commissioning.