Скачать или смотреть Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System - Satoshi Nakamoto

This paper introduces Bitcoin, a novel peer-to-peer electronic cash system designed to facilitate online payments without reliance on traditional financial institutions. The core innovation lies in addressing the double-spending problem through a decentralized network. This network uses cryptographic proof and a chain of hash-based proof-of-work to timestamp transactions, creating an immutable public record. The system's security is maintained as long as honest network participants control the majority of computing power, ensuring that the longest chain, which represents the most cumulative work, is always considered the valid one. This mechanism provides a secure and trust-minimized method for digital currency transactions, including incentives for participation and methods for maintaining privacy.