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NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) is India's indigenous regional satellite navigation system. Here's a breakdown of what it is:
Full Form: Navigation with Indian Constellation. It was previously known as the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS).
Developer: Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
Purpose: To provide accurate real-time positioning and timing services over India and a region extending up to 1,500 km (930 miles) from its borders. This reduces India's dependence on foreign navigation systems like GPS (USA).
Coverage Area:
Primary Service Area: India and an area up to 1,500 km around it.
Extended Service Area: Lies between the primary service area and the rectangle formed by Latitude 30° South to 50° North, and Longitude 30° East to 130° East.
Constellation: Consists of seven satellites in orbit (three in geostationary orbit and four in geosynchronous orbit). There are plans to expand this to eleven satellites in the future for better coverage and accuracy.
Services Offered:
Standard Positioning Service (SPS): An open service for civilian and commercial use. It offers positioning accuracy better than 20 meters. Some sources claim accuracy up to 5 meters.
Restricted Service (RS): An encrypted service for authorized users like the military, with even higher accuracy (in the range of 1 to 5 meters).
Key Features:
Indigenous and Autonomous: Fully under the control of the Indian government.
Dual Frequencies: Broadcasts signals in the L5 (1176.45 MHz) and S band (2498.028 MHz).
Timing Accuracy: Better than 50 nanoseconds. Some sources state better than 40 nanoseconds.
Regional Focus: Designed specifically for the Indian subcontinent's needs and topography.
Applications:
Terrestrial, aerial, and marine navigation.
Disaster management.
Vehicle tracking and fleet management.
Integration with mobile phones.
Precise timing for critical infrastructure (power grids, ATMs).
Mapping and geodetic data capture.
Navigation aid for hikers and travelers.
Integration with car navigation systems.
Significance for India:
Strategic Autonomy: Provides an independent navigation system, crucial during emergencies or conflicts (as experienced during the Kargil War when India faced GPS denial).
Customized for Indian Needs: Designed considering the specific geographical features of India.
Economic Benefits: Encourages the development of NavIC-based receivers and applications by Indian industries.
Recent Developments:
Chipset manufacturers like Qualcomm have developed NavIC-friendly chipsets, enabling integration into mobile phones and other devices.
NavIC is recognized by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as part of the World-Wide Radio Navigation System (WWRNS) for operation in the Indian Ocean Region.
Plans are underway to expand the constellation for wider coverage and potentially global reach in the long term.
In essence, NavIC is India's own GPS, providing reliable and accurate navigation services specifically tailored for the Indian region, with strategic importance and growing applications across various sectors.
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