Скачать или смотреть The Bill of Rights: Article III Section 1

Section 1. “No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied the equal protection of the laws.”

Doctrinal Discussion:
Substantive Due Process ensures that laws are reasonable and not oppressive.
Procedural Due Process ensures that proper notice and hearing are afforded.

Key Doctrines:
Ermita-Malate Hotel versus City Mayor of Manila (G.R. No. L-24693, 1967) — Police power regulation upheld; due process satisfied. The Court held that the City of Manila’s regulation of motels through license fees and zoning was valid because it promoted public morals and welfare. Due process is met when government actions are reasonable and serve a legitimate public purpose.

Ichong versus Hernandez (G.R. No. L-7995, 1957) — The Court upheld the law banning aliens from retail trade, ruling that the classification between citizens and aliens was reasonable because it protected national economic interests and promoted the general welfare.

White Light Corporation versus City of Manila (G.R. No. 122846, 2009) — The Court struck down a city ordinance for being vague and arbitrary, holding that it violated substantive due process because it failed to clearly define prohibited acts, leading to uncertainty and potential abuse of authority.

Bar Focus:
The test for valid classification: (1) based on substantial distinctions; (2) germane to the purpose; (3) not limited to existing conditions; and (4) applies equally to all members.