Скачать или смотреть Why Do People Believe In Horoscopes? The Barnum Effect

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The Forer effect also called Barnum effect is an effect based on self-validation of personality descriptions, where an individual gives a high rating of a description as applying to themselves, when in fact it is not specific. It provides an apparent explanation as to why many people accept some pseudosciences, such as astrology, graphology and fortune telling.

In 1948, psychologist B.R. Forer gave a personality test to his students, and then gave them a personal analysis. He invited each of them to rate the result on a scale of 0 (very poor) to 5 (excellent) as it applied to themselves: the average was 4.26. He then revealed that each student had been given the same analysis, and their responses to the test had been ignored.