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To read and understand a hydraulic circuit, you need to be familiar with basic hydraulic symbols. These symbols are standardized (e.g., ISO 1219-1 or ANSI standards) and represent the components and functions in a hydraulic system. Below are some common hydraulic symbols:


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Pump and Motor Symbols

1. Hydraulic Pump: A circle with an arrow pointing outward.

Example: A pump with a solid arrow indicates fluid flow.



2. Hydraulic Motor: A circle with an arrow pointing inward.

Reversible motors have arrows in both directions.





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Reservoir Symbols

1. Ventilated Reservoir: A rectangle with a horizontal line at the top.


2. Pressurized Reservoir: A rectangle with a diagonal line or a dot inside.




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Valve Symbols

1. Directional Control Valves (DCVs): Rectangles arranged in sequences, each representing a state or position.

Arrows indicate flow direction.

Example: A 4/3 valve has 4 ports and 3 positions.



2. Check Valve: A triangle pointing towards a line, showing one-way flow.


3. Pressure Relief Valve: A box with an arrow and spring symbol, indicating pressure adjustment.




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Actuator Symbols

1. Single-Acting Cylinder: A rectangle with a line extending from one end.


2. Double-Acting Cylinder: A rectangle with lines extending from both ends.




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Flow Control Components

1. Throttle Valve: A diamond with a diagonal arrow, indicating flow restriction.


2. Pressure Compensated Valve: A diamond with a spring and arrow.




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Accessories

1. Filter: A square with a diagonal line and smaller parallel lines, indicating filtration.


2. Accumulator: A circle with a diagonal line, representing stored hydraulic energy.




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By combining these symbols, you can interpret the functionality of a hydraulic circuit. Would you like me to explain how to read a specific circuit or analyze one?

Hydraulics Explained

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Basic Hydraulic System
Basic hydraulic symbol