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• Non-specific and specific defense mechanisms work through the functions of complement proteins.
• As soon as pathogens penetrate the physical barrier of the skin, other resistance mechanisms begin.
• Cells, such as macrophages, phagocytize pathogens.
• These cells increase exposure of antigens (unique substance of the pathogens) to immune cells (T and B lymphocytes).
• Exposure to antigens helps activate immune cells and leads to the production of antibodies.
• Antibodies and antigens bind to form antigen-antibody complexes.
• Complexes bind with complement proteins triggering a cascade of new complement proteins.

• Complement proteins enhance:
• Phagocytosis.
• Cytolysis.
• Inflammation.
• Antigens are made more available to immune cells, which produce even more antibodies.
• Antibodies bind to antigens forming even more complement proteins.
• The activation of more and more complement proteins eventually produces a fully activated immune response.