Скачать или смотреть Selenium class 2 - Locators in Selenium and Maven Project explained in detail

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class 2
=======what is a Maven Project?

A Maven project refers to a Java-based project that uses Apache Maven as a build automation and dependency management tool.

What Maven Does:
Builds your project (compiles, tests, packages it into a .jar or .war)
Manages dependencies (downloads required libraries from the internet)
Standardizes project structure (everyone follows the same folder layout)
Automates tasks (like creating reports, uploading builds)

Where you can add dependencies?
In a Maven project, you add dependencies inside the dependencies section of the pom.xml file, which is located at the root of your project.

How to Get Dependency Info?
You can find the correct dependency details on:
Maven Central Repository
MVNRepository - easiest to search
Spring Initializr - for Spring projects
Locators:-
What is a Locator?
In Selenium WebDriver, locators are used to identify and interact with web elements on a webpage (like buttons, text fields, links, etc.).
Selenium provides several types of locators to find elements accurately and efficiently.

Basic Locators:-
===============
(HTML) page
ID, Name, Class Name , Tag Name, Link Text,Partial Link Text
1. ID
Syntax: By.id("elementId")
Description: Locates the element by its unique id attribute.
Example:
driver.findElement(By.id("username"));

2. Name
Syntax: By.name("elementName")
Description: Locates the element by the value of its name attribute.
Example:
driver.findElement(By.name("email"));

3. Class Name
Syntax: By.className("className")
Description: Locates elements by their CSS class name.
Example:
driver.findElement(By.className("form-control"));

4. Tag Name
Syntax: By.tagName("tagName")
Description: Locates elements by their HTML tag name (e.g., input, div, a).
Example:
driver.findElement(By.tagName("input"));

5. Link Text(To locate links)
Syntax: By.linkText("full link text")
Description: Locates an anchor (a) element using the full visible link text.
Example:
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Forgot your password?"));

6. Partial Link Text
Syntax: By.partialLinkText("partial text")
Description: Locates a link element using a portion of the visible text.
Example:
driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("Forgot"));

Customized Locators:-
====================

CSS Selector, XPath
1.CSS Selector
Syntax: By.cssSelector("css expression")
Description: Uses CSS selectors to locate elements; very powerful and fast.
Example:
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type='text']"));

2. XPath
Syntax: By.xpath("xpath expression")
Description: Uses XPath (XML Path) expressions; powerful for complex DOM structures.
Example:
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@name='email']"));

Devtools:-
==========
What is devtools window?
The DevTools window (short for Developer Tools) is a built-in feature in modern web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Edge, and Safari that helps developers inspect and debug web pages.

Important methods:
findElement()
====================
The findElement method in Selenium WebDriver is used to locate a single web element on a web page so that you can interact with it (like click, type, etc.).

WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.locatorType("value"));

Example:
Let's say you want to find a username input field with the ID username.
WebElement usernameField = driver.findElement(By.id("username"));
usernameField.sendKeys("myUsername");

By class
===========
The By class in Selenium WebDriver is a locator helper class used to identify and locate elements on a web page.
It provides static methods like By.id(), By.name(), By.xpath(), etc., to define how Selenium should find elements.