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The Awami League celebrates its 71st birth anniversary on June 23, 2020. Looking back, any ardent student of history would come face to face with the fact that the divisions that were to characterise the differing interests of the educated Muslims in the then East Bengal, began to manifest themselves in the penultimate years of British rule in India. While for many, Partition meant making the most of the opportunities created by the departure of the large number of Hindus who had occupied positions of influence in East Bengal, there were others with more progressive ideas who had shared their thoughts on social transformation in their encounters with the rural masses.
A significant section of the progressive elements were instrumental in the founding of the Awami Muslim League in 1949 in Dhaka, with Maulana Bhashani as its President, Shamsul Haque as General Secretary, and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as Joint Secretary. From the beginning, the Awami League demanded a democratic set-up, with elections held in the entire country and more powers for the provinces. The trend towards a secular political culture became evident when in 1955, the Awami League removed "Muslim" from its nomenclature.
A significant section of the progressive elements were instrumental in the founding of the Awami Muslim League in 1949 in Dhaka, with Maulana Bhashani as its President, Shamsul Haque as General Secretary, and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as Joint Secretary. From the beginning, the Awami League demanded a democratic set-up, with elections held in the entire country and more powers for the provinces. The trend towards a secular political culture became evident when in 1955, the Awami League removed "Muslim" from its nomenclature.
The plan for an effective movement for transfer of power to the region was manifestly demonstrated in the historic Six Point Programme under the stewardship of the Awami League. Awami League emphatically proposed that any durable political solution has to recognise the realities of the two polities, and hence must build a political structure that located power in the regions. It succeeded in creating an unprecedented political awakening that clearly indicated that East Pakistan was no longer open to exploitation, either of its resources or its share of external assistance. The movement for real economic emancipation also highlighted the unique resolve of self-determination of the Bengalis.
National elections were held on December 7, 1970 in which the Awami League won 167 out of 169 seats in East Pakistan, in a parliament of 313. An overwhelmingly decisive election result gave an absolute majority to the Awami League and was a clear verdict in favour of the party's Six Point Programme.
The Awami League also took the initiative in the reintroduction of the parliamentary form of government, which came into being through the Twelfth Amendment of the Constitution, effected on August 6, 1991. The party, after winning general elections in 1996, succeeded in repealing the Indemnity Act, thus paving the way for the trial of the assassins of Bangabandhu. The other major achievements include signing of the 30 year Ganges Water Sharing Treaty with India and the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord.
In the face of heavy adversity, the Awami League has survived brilliantly. As a commentator observes, "Despite everything, the centre has held for the party. Ayub Khan gave it a hard time. Yahya Khan proscribed it. Ziaur Rahman and Hussein Muhammad Ershad went as far as they could to keep the party from reemerging into the light. And yet, things have not fallen apart. Yet it must survive better, through returning to its old reputation—that of an inclusive organisation reaching out to all citizens of Bangladesh". Democrats in Bangladesh will hope that the Awami League remains committed to nurturing the hallowed traditions of the premier political organisation.
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