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🌿 Photosynthetic Pigments | Absorption Spectrum of Chlorophyll a | Action Spectrum | NCERT Class 11 | NEET 2026/27

📘 In this video, we cover all concepts directly from NCERT Class 11 Biology (Photosynthesis in Higher Plants):
Photosynthetic pigments, absorption spectra, action spectra, and their overlapping significance.
This is a high-yield NEET topic for quick and deep understanding.

⭐ 1. How Many Pigments Are Involved in Photosynthesis? (NCERT Class 11)

According to NCERT, four major classes of pigments take part in photosynthesis:

🌱 (1) Chlorophyll a — Primary pigment

Essential for photosynthesis; directly involved in light reactions.

🌱 (2) Chlorophyll b — Accessory pigment

Expands the wavelength range of absorption.

🌱 (3) Carotenoids (Carotenes & Xanthophylls)

Accessory pigments; protect chlorophyll from photo-oxidation.

🌱 (4) Phycobilins (Phycocyanin & Phycoerythrin)

Found in red algae and cyanobacteria; capture additional wavelengths.

📌 All these pigments form the pigment system of photosynthesis.

⭐ 2. Absorption Spectrum of Chlorophyll a

Chlorophyll a shows two major absorption peaks:
✔ Blue light (~430 nm)
✔ Red light (~662 nm)

Green light is least absorbed → plants appear green.

NCERT highlights that chlorophyll a is the main light-absorbing molecule.

⭐ 3. Action Spectrum of Photosynthesis

Describes rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths.

Demonstrated by Engelmann's experiment (NCERT classic example).

Highest photosynthetic activity also in:
✔ Blue region
✔ Red region

⭐ 4. Overlapping of Absorption & Action Spectra

NCERT states that both spectra show similar peak regions.

This overlap proves:
✔ Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment
✔ Accessory pigments help absorb additional wavelengths
✔ Photosynthesis is most efficient in blue & red light

⭐ NEET Quick Revision Points

4 main pigments: Chl a, Chl b, Carotenoids, Phycobilins

Primary pigment = Chlorophyll a

Absorption peaks = Blue & Red

Action peaks = Blue & Red

Absorption spectrum ≈ Action spectrum (overlap)

Engelmann’s experiment → Action spectrum evidence

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