Скачать или смотреть Mineral Component Of soil || Mineral matter || Introduction to soil components

Imagine a world beneath your feet, a world filled with tiny treasures that shape the very foundation of life. Today, we embark on a journey to explore the mineral components of soil, uncovering the intricate tapestry that supports plant growth, sustains ecosystems, and influences our planet's vitality."

MAIN CONSTITUENTS OF SOIL
As a whole, soil is made up from four constituents: mineral material, organic matter, air and water.
a) soil minerals
Soil minerals are natural inorganic compounds composed of elements arranged in a crystalline pattern with a defined composition. It is the largest component of soil by volume making up approximately 45% to 49% of the soil by volume. Soil minerals are divided into two principal mineral types which are primary and secondary minerals.

a) Primary soil minerals
The primary soil minerals are those minerals which are formed owing to the crystallization of the molten magma. They are broken-down remains of massive rocks which remain unaltered chemically since deposition and crystallization from molten lava and retain much of the composition of the parent rocks from which they originated. Primary minerals are products of accelerated physical weathering and they are often bigger and of a coarser texture and make up gravel, sand and some of silt. Primary soil minerals include:

i. Feldspars
Common feldspars include orthoclase (KAlSi3O8), albite (NaAlSi3O8), anorthite and microline

ii. Micas
The two important types are muscovite (white mica) a potassium aluminium silicate and biotite (black mica) a potassium, aluminium, magnesium, iron silicate
iii. Quartz
iv. Amphiboles
Common amphiboles include Hornblende, tremolite and Actinolite
v. Pyroxenes
Common pyroxenes include rhodonite,enstatite
vi. Olivine
vii. Epidote
viii. Tourmaline
ix. Zircon
x. Rutile

b) Secondary soil minerals

The secondary minerals are formed at the earth’s surface by weathering on the pre-existing primary minerals under variable conditions of temperature and pressure.

Secondary minerals include:
Kaolinite , Montmorillonite, Chlorite, Allophane, Imogolite, Goethite, Hematite, Maghemite, Ferrihydrite, Bohemite, Gibbsite, Pyrolusite, Birnessite, Dolomite, Calcite, Gypsum, Jarosite.




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