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Indo-Scythians


00:02:04 1 Origins
00:03:16 1.1 Yuezhi expansion
00:06:04 2 Settlement in Sakastan
00:07:52 3 Indo-Scythian kingdoms
00:08:02 3.1 Abiria to Surastrene
00:09:59 3.2 Gandhara and Punjab
00:10:56 3.2.1 Sculpture
00:11:45 3.2.2 Bimaran casket
00:12:23 3.3 Mathura area ("Northern Satraps")
00:14:32 3.4 Pataliputra
00:15:06 3.5 Kushan and Indo-Parthian conquests
00:16:06 3.6 Western Kshatrapas legacy
00:16:40 4 Indo-Scythian coinage
00:18:06 5 Depiction of Indo-Scythians
00:18:46 5.1 Buner reliefs
00:19:58 5.2 Stone palettes
00:20:57 6 The Indo-Scythians and Buddhism
00:21:16 6.1 Royal dedications
00:22:37 6.2 Butkara Stupa
00:23:28 6.3 Gandharan sculptures
00:23:48 6.4 Mathura lion capital
00:24:32 7 Indo-Scythians in Western sources
00:25:23 8 Indo-Scythians in Indian literature
00:26:10 9 Sai-Wang Scythian hordes of Chipin or Kipin
00:27:27 10 Establishment of Mlechcha Kingdoms in Northern India
00:28:53 11 Evidence about joint invasions
00:30:04 12 Main Indo-Scythian rulers
00:30:14 12.1 Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Eastern Pakistan
00:31:13 12.2 Kshaharatas (Punjab, Pakistan and beyond)
00:31:37 12.3 Aprācas (Bajaur, Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan)
00:32:11 12.4 Pāratassup[61]/sup (Balochistan, Pakistan)
00:33:30 12.5 "Northern Satraps" (Mathura area)
00:34:07 12.6 Minor local rulers
00:34:21 12.7 Western Satraps
00:36:45 12.8 Military actions
00:36:54 13 Descendants of the Indo-Scythians
00:37:23 14 See also



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Socrates



SUMMARY
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Indo-Scythians is a term used to refer to Scythians (Sakas) who migrated into parts of central, northern and western South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra) from the middle of the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD.
The first Saka king in South Asia was Maues/Moga (1st century BC) who established Saka power in Gandhara, and Indus Valley. The Indo-Scythians extended their supremacy over north-western India, conquering the Indo-Greeks and other local kingdoms. The Indo-Scythians were apparently subjugated by the Kushan Empire, by either Kujula Kadphises or Kanishka. Yet the Saka continued to govern as satrapies, forming the Northern Satraps and Western Satraps. The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Indo-Scythians were defeated by the Satavahana emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni. Indo-Scythian rule in the northwestern Indian subcontinent ceased when the last Western Satrap Rudrasimha III was defeated by the Gupta emperor Chandragupta II in 395 CE.The invasion of northern regions of the Indian subcontinent by Scythian tribes from Central Asia, often referred to as the Indo-Scythian invasion, played a significant part in the history of the Indian subcontinent as well as nearby countries. In fact, the Indo-Scythian war is just one chapter in the events triggered by the nomadic flight of Central Asians from conflict with tribes such as the Xiongnu in the 2nd century AD, which had lasting effects on Bactria, Kabul, and the Indian subcontinent as well as far-off Rome in the west, and more nearby to the west in Parthia.
Ancient Roman historians including Arrian and Claudius Ptolemy have mentioned that the ancient Sakas ('Sakai') were nomadic people. However, Italo Ronca, in his detailed study of Ptolemy's chapter vi, states: "The land of the Sakai belongs to nomads, they have no towns but dwell in forests and caves" as spurious.