VIRGIL Aeneid 1, 23-33: Id metuēns, veterisque memor Sāturnia bellī, Latin & English

In lines 23-33 of Aeneid Book 1 we learn more about the reasons for Juno’s hatred of the Trojans.

#latinpoetry #latinpronunciation #aeneid

metuēns: fearing, afraid of

id: this; what was mentioned in the previous line, that the Trojan race would overthrow and destroy Carthage.

-que: and

memor: mindful, remembering

veteris: of the old, former, earlier

bellī: war; the Trojan War

Sāturnia: the Saturnian one, the daughter of Saturn, Juno; subject of “arcebat”, found EIGHT lines later!

quod: which, ref. to “belli”

prīma: first, as leader, foremost; ref. to Juno, who had played a leading role in the war against the Trojans.

ad: at

Trōiam: Troy

gesserat: had waged

prō: on behalf of

cārīs: beloved, dear

Argīs = Argivis: Argives, Greeks; Juno’s most famous temple was at Argos.

necdum: and not yet

etiam: still, even now; also, as well

causae: the causes, reasons; recalls “Mūsa, mihī causās memorā” from line 8.

īrārum: of her feelings of anger; cf. “Tantaene animīs caelestibus īrae” from line 11.

saevī: the raging, fierce, savage, relentless, wrathful

dolōrēs: pains, feelings of resentment, anguish

exciderant: had (not) departed, fallen from

animō: her mind, heart; cf. “animis” in line 11.

manet: it (iudicium Paridis, etc) remains

repostum = repositum: stored up, kept, preserved

altā: the deep

mente: mind, heart, soul; abl of place; in the deep part of her mind, deep in her heart

iūdicium: the judgement

Paridis: of Paris, Trojan prince and son of Priam, asked by Juno, Minerva, and Venus to judge who was the most beautiful. He decided in favor of Venus.

iniūria: the insult, wrong, injustice

sprētae: of her scorned

fōrmae: beauty

invīsum: the hated

genus: race. She hated the Trojans, whose founder was the son of her husband Jupiter by another woman.

honōrēs: the honors. Note the repetition of sound at the end of the lines: dolores…honores.

raptī: of snatched up, carried off, abducted

Ganymēdis: of Ganymede. A Trojan prince, “the loveliest born of the race of mortals”, snatched up by Jupiter in the form of an eagle and made his cupbearer, instead of Juno's own daughter, Hebe.

accēnsa: enraged, incensed, set aflame

hīs: by these things, because of these things

super: in addition, too, also; in addition to her fears regarding Carthage.

arcēbat: she was hindering, keeping at a distance, keeping away

Trōas: the Trojans

rēliquiās: the remnant, the ones remaining, the ones left; i.e. those not killed by the Greeks.

Danaum = Danaorum: of the Greeks

atque: and also

immītis: of merciless, fierce, cruel, ruthless

Achillī: Achilles

iactātōs: tossed about, scattered; Cf. line 3: “multum ille et terrīs iactātus et altō vī superum”

tōtō: (on) the entire, whole

aequore: sea; ablative of place

longē: far away from; an echo of “longe” in line 13: “Ītaliam contrā Tiberīnaque longē ōstia”

Latiō: (from) Latium. Latium is the region in Italy where Rome was to be founded.

per: through, for, during

multōs: many

annōs: years

errābant: they (the Trojans) wandered, were wandering

āctī: driven, compelled

Fātīs: by the Fates, the godesses of fate; Cf. “fato profugus” in line 2.

circum: around

omnia: all

maria: the seas

erat: it was

tantae: of such, such a great, so great

mōlis: (of) such/so great a task, an effort, difficulty; genitive of quality or description

condere: to found, to establish; cf "dum conderet urbem” in line 5

Rōmānam: the Roman

gentem: race, nation, people