Скачать или смотреть How Bilirubin Is Produced in the Body | Step-by-Step Breakdown of Hemoglobin & Jaundice Explained

How Bilirubin Is Produced in the Body | Step-by-Step Breakdown of Hemoglobin & Jaundice Explained
In this lecture, we explain the entire step-by-step pathway of bilirubin production, starting from the breakdown of old red blood cells to the formation of stercobilin in stool and urobilin in urine.

This is a must-know topic for MBBS students, nursing students, pediatrics, pathology, physiology, and for anyone wanting to understand why jaundice happens.

📚 In This Video, You Will Learn:
🔹 What is Bilirubin?

Yellow-orange pigment

Produced from breakdown of red blood cells

Gives stool its brown color & urine its yellow color

High levels → Jaundice (yellowing of skin/eyes)

🔬 Step-by-Step Bilirubin Production (Exactly as in your PPT):
1. Phagocytosis

Old/damaged RBCs (120 days) are eaten by macrophages in spleen, liver & bone marrow.

2. Hemoglobin Separation

Hemoglobin splits into:
• Heme
• Globin

3. Globin Breakdown

Globin → broken into amino acids → reused for new proteins.

4. Heme Breakdown

• Iron is removed & transported by transferrin
• Stored as ferritin/hemosiderin
• Remaining heme → Biliverdin (green pigment)

5. Bilirubin Formation

Biliverdin → reduced to Unconjugated Bilirubin (yellow)
• Not water-soluble
• Travels in blood bound to albumin → to liver

6. Liver Conjugation

In hepatocytes:
Unconjugated bilirubin + glucuronic acid → Conjugated Bilirubin
• Water-soluble
• Excreted in bile → intestine

7. Intestinal Processing

In intestine:
Conjugated bilirubin → Urobilinogen
• Most → Stercobilin (brown stool color)
• Some → reabsorbed → kidneys → Urobilin (yellow urine)

💡 Why Bilirubin Increases (Causes of Jaundice)

Excess RBC breakdown

Liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis)

Bile duct obstruction

Newborn physiology (immature liver)

🎯 Best For:

MBBS, Nursing, DPT, MIT students

Pediatrics & pathology exam preparation

USMLE, PLAB, FCPS, NEET-PG

Parents & general public wanting simple medical explanations

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