ADC parameters: DNL and INL (Differential and Integral Non-linearity in ADC)

In this video, the different non-linearities in ADC like DNL and INL (Differential and Integral non-linearities) have been explained.

By watching this video, you will learn the following topics:

0:00 Introduction

0:20 Quick recap of the previous video

2:05 Differential Non-linearity (DNL) in ADC

4:33 Missing Code in ADC

6:21 Integral Non-linearity (INL) in ADC

What is DNL and INL ?

DNL: DNL or differential non-linearity is the maximum and minimum change in the step width of the actual and the perfect transfer function.

For the perfect ADC, the step width of each step is 1 LSB. But due to the non-linearity, the step width may vary.

DNL for each step = Actual Step width - Pefact Step width

To avoid the missing code, the DNL for any ADC should be less than ± 1LSB.

INL:
INL or integral non-linearity is the integral of all the DNLs in the transfer function.
It shows how the actual transfer curve deviates from the perfect transfer curve.
At any given point in the ADC, the INL is the accumulation of all the DNLs up to the point.
The shape of the INL curve depends on the distribution of the DNL.
The INL is measured in reference to the straight line.
And there are a couple of methods to draw this straight line.

1) End Point method:
In this method, the straight line passes through the two endpoints of the actual transfer curve. It gives the maximum possible INL for the given ADC and useful for precision measurements.

2) Best Fit method:
In this method, the best fitted straight line which closely resembles the actual curve is drawn and with respect to that line, the INL is measured.
When INL is measured using this method, it turns out to be less than the end-point method.

The link to other useful videos related to ADC and DAC

1) ADC gain error and offset error
   • ADC : Offset Error and Gain Error Exp...  

2) ADC and DAC (Playlist)
   • Introduction to ADC and DAC  
This video will be helpful to all the students of science and engineering in understanding the INL and DNL in ADC.

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