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Limbocortical Network: A Physician's Insight into Neuronal Control of the Cortex, DMN, CEN, Neuronal Networks.
Explore the Limbocortical Network and its crucial role in neuronal control of the brain’s cortex in this comprehensive video, designed for medical students, physicians, and neuroscience enthusiasts. We unravel how key brain networks collaborate to regulate cognition, behavior, and motor functions.

Limbocortical Network:
A central hub in the brain, the Limbocortical Network bridges various neural circuits, modulating cortical activity for voluntary movements, sensory processing, and cognitive functions.

Neuronal Control:
Learn how the Limbocortical Network orchestrates neuronal signals across the cortex, integrating information for coordinated responses. This network ensures the appropriate activation of neurons to facilitate complex brain functions.

Central Executive Network (CEN):
The CEN, involving the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and posterior parietal cortex, manages high-level cognitive processes such as working memory and decision-making. Discover its interaction with the Limbocortical Network to balance cognitive demands and emotional states.

Default Mode Network (DMN):
Active during rest and self-referential thought, the DMN includes the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and precuneus. The DMN deactivates during task-focused activities, with its modulation governed by the CEN and influenced by the Salience Network (SN).

Salience Network (SN):
Comprising the anterior insula and anterior cingulate cortex, the SN detects significant stimuli and guides attention by interacting with the Limbocortical Network, DMN, and CEN. It facilitates cognitive and behavioral responses to prioritize important tasks and stimuli.

Governing Action:

Cognitive Control: The CEN enables planning, decision-making, and problem-solving by maintaining information in working memory.
Task Switching: Facilitated by the CEN and SN, this involves shifting focus between tasks and adapting strategies.
Problem Solving: The CEN integrates various information sources to support effective decision-making.
Clinical Implications:

ADHD: CEN dysfunction may impair attention and cognitive task management.
Cognitive Impairment: Conditions like dementia affect CEN function, leading to deficits in executive functions.
Schizophrenia: CEN abnormalities impact cognitive control and executive functions.
Depression: DMN dysregulation is linked to excessive rumination.
Autism Spectrum Disorders: Altered DMN connectivity affects social cognition.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Changes in DMN activity are early markers of the disease.
Stimulus Detection: The SN identifies significant stimuli, triggering a reallocation of cognitive and neural resources. For instance, if a loud noise is heard, the SN assesses its importance and decides whether to focus on the noise or continue with the current activity.

Attention Modulation: By coordinating with the DMN and CEN, the SN ensures appropriate attention allocation. When a high-priority task emerges, the SN shifts focus from internal thoughts (DMN) to external problem-solving (CEN), optimizing cognitive resources for the task at hand.

Behavioral Response: The SN influences behavioral responses by integrating sensory, emotional, and cognitive information. It helps guide actions, such as initiating a fight-or-flight response or engaging in goal-directed behavior, based on the salience of the stimuli.

Clinical Implications
Dysfunction in the Salience Network is associated with several neurological and psychiatric conditions:

Schizophrenia: Abnormalities in SN function can impair the perception of salience, making it difficult to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant stimuli. This can lead to disorganized thinking and difficulty in responding appropriately to environmental cues.

Anxiety Disorders: Overactivity in the SN can increase sensitivity to potential threats, leading to excessive worry and heightened anxiety. This overactivity can disrupt normal processing and response to stressors.

Autism Spectrum Disorders: Altered SN connectivity may impact the ability to process social and environmental cues, affecting social interactions and communication. Individuals may struggle with recognizing and responding to socially relevant stimuli.

This video offers a detailed look at the interactions among the Limbocortical Network, CEN, DMN, and SN, providing insights into brain function and the implications for various neurological and psychiatric conditions.